Autumn Rossoshanskaya dessert variety is appreciated for its unpretentiousness, early maturity, rich yield and juicy tasty fruits. In order to grow a pear on your own site, you need to know about the characteristics of the variety and tree care.
Dessert Rossoshanskaya pear resistant to scab
Apple-shaped or short-pear-shaped fruits with a blurred pink blush
Selection history
In the distant year 52 of the 20th century, a new pear cultivar called "Dessert Rossoshanskaya" was obtained at an experimental gardening station of the same name. The authorship belongs to two scientists - Neporozhny Georgy Dmitrievich and Ulyanishcheva Anna Mikhailovna. They crossed the late-ripe pear “Winter Michurina Coast” and the Belgian-born variety “Forest Beauty”. Since 1968, it began to be grown in various fields. But the best growing regions are Bryansk, the Voronezh region and the North Caucasus region.
We recommend that you read an additional article that will tell you about popular varieties of pears.
Description
The tree is strong and medium, grows with medium intensity. In height can reach 6 meters. The crown is wide-pyramidal, but with rare shoots.
The foliage is green. The leaf tip is slightly twisted. The sheet plate is medium in size and oval in shape. The flowers are small up to 3 cm in diameter, snow-white, sometimes with a pink fringing, with medium terry and cup-shaped. Umbrella inflorescences consist of 8-9 flowers. Petals with smooth edges and are close to each other.
The weight of one fruit is on average 150 g, but rarely exceeds 205 g, that is, they have an average value. In shape, they can be round, apple-shaped, short-pear-shaped or flat-round. The surface is smooth without roughness.
Ripe ripe pears are light yellow and covered with a barely noticeable, blurry pinkish blush. Large subcutaneous dots are scattered throughout the fetus. Usually they are either gray or green. The peduncle is of medium length and curved. The pear pulp is white or light cream, medium-dense, tender and juicy, aromatic with a sweet taste, sourness is absent.
Ripening, flowering and bearing periods
“Rossoshanskaya dessert” is a pear with the fruits of the autumn ripening period. The first fruits are formed already on a 5-year-old tree. Flowers bloom on the tree at an earlier date compared to other varieties. Harvested depending on the region of growth. In the southern regions - this is the beginning of September, in a temperate climate the collection dates are shifted.
A pear gives an annual good, stable crop - up to 70 kg is removed from one tree.
Pollination
This variety needs additional pollination. If you do not plant ovary neighbors-pollinators near the tree, there will be no harvest. Varieties that bloom at the same time with it are planted near the pear. The best pollinators are:
- Autumn Yakovleva;
- Tatyana;
- Marble.
Advantages and disadvantages of the variety
The variety is appreciated for the following benefits:
- undemanding to the soil;
- early bearing;
- the tree bears fruit annually;
- good yield;
- has immunity to scab;
- fruits are transportable, have good keeping quality;
- possess excellent commercial qualities and versatility.
Of the shortcomings noted:
- self-infertility, a pear needs pollinators-helpers;
- frost resistance indicators depend on the region of cultivation, in the southern regions they are high, in the northern regions - medium;
- flowers do not tolerate prolonged spring frosts, at a temperature of -2 ° C they freeze and die.
Landing dates, place and soil preparation
The best option is a site closed from the wind and drafts. Pear is undemanding to the soil, but nevertheless grows better on fertile loamy soils. On clay soils, the plant feels bad. Do not lose sight of the acidity of the soil. It should be either slightly acidic or neutral. Favorably, the tree responds to the liming of strongly and medium acid soils.
A pear does not like excess moisture, so they choose areas where groundwater is at a depth of at least 3 m. The tree has a long root system, it will grow better on dry soils than on wet soils. With excessive moisture, the roots suffer from a lack of oxygen. The trunk circle must be loosened regularly.
Step-by-step landing process
Specialists recommend purchasing varietal seedlings in specialized stores or nurseries, so that later there is no disappointment. Buying planting material on hand is always a risk, since the seller can sell anything under the name of this variety. Before planting, the branches and roots are cut off from the seedling.
Step-by-step instruction:
- First, they prepare the seats. The optimal pit size is a diameter of 70 cm, a depth of about 1 m.
- Humus, compost or rotted manure (20-30 kg) and mineral fertilizers - superphosphate (800 g), potassium chloride (100 g) are added to the excavated earth, the latter can be replaced with 1 kg of wood ash and lime (1-1.5 kg ) The amount of lime applied depends on the acidity and structure of the substrate. The bottom is loosened.
- In the center of the recess, a stake is driven in and the soil layer is poured so that a mound is formed.
- The soil in the pit is well compacted.
- The seedling is placed in a hole, gently spreading the roots on the surface of the mound.
- The root neck is positioned so that it rises 4-6 cm above the surface.
- The remaining soil is completely covered with a landing pit, compacted well.
- Make a hole around the tree and pour 2 buckets of water.
- The surface of the soil is covered with mulch - peat, mowed grass or humus.
Pear Care
The main components of care are the organization of proper watering, pruning and timely application of fertilizers.
Watering
Rossoshanskaya dessert pear does not tolerate drought, so it needs timely watering, but you should not fill the tree. In severe drought, the fruits become small, and with waterlogging, plant growth slows down, and it can prematurely discard foliage. Pear is poured when the soil dries, poured up to 2-3 liters of warm water per 1 square. m barreled circle. Watering is mandatory during the period of ovary formation, fruit filling and after harvesting.
Pruning
Thanks to the rare crown, pruning in the first 2-3 years is not required. Then carry out sanitary and shaping pruning. Branches translate to the outer branch. In a fruiting pear, only large branches are cut.
Fertilizers
Every year in the spring, tearing a trench along the edge of the trunk circle, ammonium nitrate is introduced. Based on 20 g of fertilizer per 1 sq. Km. m. Once every 3 years in the fall, 50 g of superphosphate and 20 g of potassium sulfate are added, or organic matter - 0.5 buckets of manure.
Winter preparations
In autumn, pear trunks are bleached with lime and protect against rodent teeth using a piece of roofing material or a nylon mesh. For reinsurance, traps with “refreshments” are additionally set in the area.
Adult trees do not need to be protected from frost. Only young seedlings shelter. They are completely wrapped in paper or made for each individual cone from a modern covering material - spunbond and cover them. The trunk circle is mulched with sawdust or dry earth, the mulch layer should be quite thick - at least 15 cm.
Diseases, Pests and Prevention
This variety has excellent immunity to various diseases and rarely suffers from insect attacks. However, the variety is not insured against some pests. The main diseases of the pear, their symptoms and preventive measures are indicated in the table.
Diseases / Pests | Signs | Prevention |
Winter moth | Damage to the plant is its larvae, gnawing all parts of the plant - buds, branches, flowers, leaves. From the last there are only one vein and often they are entangled in the web in which the caterpillar lives. | They dig stem trees in autumn; destroy caterpillars and spider webs manually. They clean the trunk of moss, be sure to whiten them in spring and autumn. |
Pear moth | Unripe pears fall prematurely and rot. | Set traps, dig the soil in the fall, manually collect the pest, burn the fallen fruits. |
Pear weaver sawfly | First, a small yellow spot appears on the skin of the fetus, which begins to grow rapidly over time. The fruit turns brown, and whitish or creamy pads appear on its surface. The quality of the pulp is deteriorating, it loses its taste, loosens. Rotten fruits fall off or remain hanging on branches in mummified form. The disease is transmitted from sick pears to healthy ones. | They destroy all the fallen fruits, it is necessary to remove all patients from the branches and dispose of them. The tree is treated with 4% Bordeaux fluid until the buds are awake. In the summer, they are sprayed with the same tool, but in a lower concentration - 1%. |
Rust | Leaf blades are covered with round spots and red spots. At first they are small, then increase in size. In advanced cases, star-shaped outgrowths form on the leaves. Infected leaves fall off. | Before budding, the tree is sprayed with 4% Bordeaux fluid. All infected leaves are collected and burned. Loosen the soil around the pear. |
Cytosporosis | Red brick spots form on the cortex. Damaged areas crack, become flabby. Branches dry up and die. | Observe agricultural technology. Slices smeared with garden var. Try not to damage the bark. |
Collection, storage and transportability
The fruits are picked green (unripe) and left to ripen to consumer ripeness - the color of the fruit becomes yellow and covered with a pinkish blush. Ripe fruits are stored for no more than 78 days - usually until November.
Pears are removed from the tree by hand, tearing each fruit with a stalk. But shaking the fruits from the tree is not worth it, as dents and dents form when dropped. The fruits are transportable, without loss of appearance and quality they can be transported over long distances.
Harvested crops are stacked in wooden or plastic crates in a dark place with a temperature of 0 ° C. At the bottom of the container must lay several layers of paper, but not newspapers. Pears are placed in several rows with the stalk diagonally so that they do not damage each other. Each row is laid with paper or sprinkled with dry soft chips, calcined sand.
What the pear variety “Dessert Rossoshanskaya” looks like, can be seen in the video below:
The fruits of this variety are universal. They are suitable for compotes, since the flesh does not boil and retains its shape, they make candied fruits, jams and eat them fresh.
Gardeners reviews
In most cases, gardeners respond well to this pear variety:
Evgeny Vasilievich, 65 years old, Moscow. I’ve been growing Rossoshanskaya for a long time, I like it. You don’t need to make special care efforts, do everything that is required and get the result - delicious fruits. I like her taste, it is unsaturated, freshly sweet, but this is a subjective point of view, because, as you know, the taste and color - there is no companion.
Anastasia, 42 years old, Tver. I have no complaints about this variety, the only slight drawback is that the overripe flesh resembles boiled potatoes. And so, in general, I like everything. As for me, this is one of the most successful varieties of pears.
Larisa, Moscow
Great pear variety. Large, sweet. I really like not only us, but also the wasps, we have to save the fruits. The fruits lie calmly for a couple of months and remain juicy and tasty. Caring for a tree is simple, and the harvest is serious. It is better to buy in trusted nurseries to avoid fakes. The tree is seven years old, takes pride of place in the garden and the third year pleases with the harvest
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Rossoshanskaya dessert pear is an excellent option for a personal plot or a large garden. With proper care, it will delight you with large yields for more than a year, and tasty, fragrant fruits will appeal to connoisseurs of pears.