White filling is an old variety that is still popular today. Gardeners appreciate it for early bulk apples, white and delicate, tasty and beautiful. The variety is harvested and durable, to have white filling in the garden is a matter of honor for every gardener.
Grade "White filling"
The pulp is white and juicy, but if overripe, it will become mealy (cotton)
Variety Origin History
There is no unequivocal opinion about the origin of the White Bulk. Some experts believe that the variety comes from the Baltics, while others are sure that it is an Old Russian variety originating in the Volga region. And from the Baltic states another variety came to us - Papirovka (translated from Polish - “paper apple”). It looks like a White filling, but upon closer inspection there are many differences. Note that today many reputable sources do not share these varieties.
Like any old variety, the White Bulk “overgrown” with many names, among the most famous ones - Dolgostebelka, Bulk White, Pudovschina. It was widely used in breeding, with its participation about two dozen new varieties were bred.
Zoning
Due to its high winter hardiness, the White Bulk grows and bears fruit in the middle lane without any problems - here it does not freeze even in the coldest winters.
The variety is grown in many regions of Russia. The exceptions are the Northern Urals, the Far East and Eastern Siberia. But if you wish, even here you can grow white apples - if you use the stanzas form of the tree.
Description and characteristics of apple tree White filling
The variety is unique for a long life. There are specimens that, having reached the age of 70, continue to bear fruit. True, with age, the fruits are somewhat smaller. The variety is easy to recognize by its characteristic external features.
White bulk is a summer early ripe variety. In different climatic zones it matures in different ways:
- in the south - mid-July;
- middle lane - mid-August;
- Siberia - the second half of August.
Wood
The grade apple-tree White filling is a classically beautiful medium-sized tree. It reaches a height of 5 m. Features of the tree:
- Bark. Color is light gray. In young apple trees, the bark is smooth. Over time, it becomes rough.
- Crown. While the tree is young, his crown is elongated - of a pyramidal shape. An adult tree acquires a rounded, moderately spreading crown.
- Leaves. The form is ovoid. Color - green, size - medium, slightly downy from the inside. They differ from other varieties in longer petioles (which is why they are called Long Stalk).
- Flowers. Large, white, saucer-shaped. Often there is a pinkish “bloom” on the petals. Flowers - in large inflorescences.
Fruit
Fruit formation - on white-green gloves. Description of the fruit:
- The form. Apples are large, rounded conical, tapering to the calyx.
- Weight. Fruits on young apple trees grow up to 150 g, on old - up to 60 g.
- Pulp. White, juicy, sweet taste, with a slight acidity and a delicate apple aroma.
- Colour. Green apples ripen whitening. Apples hanging on the south side of the tree, when ripe, are covered with a delicate light pink blush. On one side of the fetus is a seam extending from the tail to the cup.
- Skin. Thin, compared to the flesh - sour.
- Taste. It changes as it ripens. Unripe fruits are sweet and sour. Ripening apples become sweeter, the sugar content increases, the fruit acquires a dessert flavor with barely noticeable acidity. Especially tasty are fruits generously poured with juice. Tasting score - 4.7.
Apples White filling tasty fresh and are a valuable raw material for processing. They make jam, jam, make juices and wines. The fruits are quite sweet - they contain 9% sugar.
You can see the review of the White Filling variety in the video below:
Root system
The type of root system is determined by the characteristics of the stock:
- vigorous ones have a powerful central stem;
- undersized (dwarf and semi-dwarf rootstocks) - a highly branched root system that does not have a central stem.
Productivity
White filling - a fruitful variety. With good care, the tree is simply covered with fruits. The average yield is 80 kg per tree. If the tree is provided with ideal conditions, it can produce up to 200 kg of apples.
The first apples are harvested in the fifth year of planting a two-year-old seedling. Fruiting with the growth of the tree acquires a certain periodicity.
Self-fertility and pollinating varieties
The variety belongs to self-infertile - it needs pollinators. For pollination of White filling it is recommended to use:
- "Antonovka";
- Ottawa
- Medunitsa;
- "Moscow Pear";
- "Candy";
- "Chinese Golden";
- "Cypress";
- "An early pear";
- Mantet.
If you do not plant a pollinator nearby, there will be few ovaries on the tree, and their size will be less than normal. As pollinators, mainly varieties are selected whose flowering coincides in time with the flowering of the White Bulk.
Winter hardiness
The variety is winter-hardy, able to tolerate harsh winters, while maintaining the ovaries. Also safely for the future crop is experiencing spring frosts. The winter hardiness of the variety is not enough for growth in the northern regions - here the cultivation of White bulk is inappropriate.
Disease resistance
The variety is not distinguished by high immunity. White filling is affected by a number of diseases and pests, therefore, it needs preventive treatment. So, at White filling there is no immunity from one of the most serious diseases of fruit trees - scab. This scourge is especially active in trees that are denser and unsharpened. Scab also contributes to wet weather.
Subspecies and Options
White filling has many variations - on its basis different varieties of bulk apples were bred:
- Golden Bulk. Large-fruited variety with apples of pale golden color. The weight of the fruit is 140 g. It almost does not suffer from scab and black cancer. In many catalogs this variety is not indicated.
- Pink filling. The fruits are large - from 200 g. Salad color, with a blush. The form is repetitive. Distributed mainly in the Nizhny Novgorod region.
- Honey filling. The most delicious bulk grade. The fruits are small - 70-90 g. Apples are sunny yellow. Rarely sick with scab. Winter hardiness is low.
- Ural filling. Small fruits (100 g) with almost no aroma. Blush greenish-golden apples. High winter hardiness and early maturity - harvest for 2-3 years.
- Steppe. Small yellowish fruits - up to 45 g. Distributed in the Far East. Winter-hardy.
- Isetian. Fruits are medium in size (130 g), light yellow in color. High early maturity and winter hardiness.
White filling can be grown on different stocks; there are three types of this variety:
- Dwarf. Surpasses other types in productivity. It is convenient to grow and care - the plant height is only 3 m. The species is unpretentious, able to grow where tall trees do not grow. Not afraid of high groundwater. Takes up little space. Skoroploden - gives fruits after 2-3 years. For good returns, it is necessary to observe agricultural technology, water and feed on time.
- Half-dwarf. It differs little from a dwarf species. Trees differ already in adulthood. The semi-dwarf species is approximately 25% more dwarf, its height reaches 4 m.
- Creeping. This undersized form is characterized by maximum frost resistance. It can bear fruit in Siberia.
Landing Features
When planting seedlings, take into account the climatic conditions of the region, specific weather conditions and the variety's requirements for growing conditions.
The landing conditions of the White filling:
- The best soils are loam.
- Wetlands are not suitable.
- If the site is located in a lowland, its seedlings are planted on a hill.
- Lighting should be good. Plots with a slope to the south or south-west are recommended.
- The site should have protection from the north wind - in the form of landing, fence, wall. The distance from the protective barrier to the tree is at least 2.5 m.
- If the seedling is planted on clay soils, its structure is improved by introducing river sand into the planting pit.
- The optimum soil acidity is pH 66.5 (neutral and slightly acidic).
The roots of other trees should not be present near the planting site - they will take water and nutrients from the soil.
Departure Dates
When to plant the White Bulk - in spring or autumn, depends on the climate zone - in regions with severe winters, the spring version is preferable.
Seedlings are planted no earlier than the end of April. The deadline is the beginning of May. Landing condition - warmed up and dried out earth. Spring planting is recommended for young seedlings.
If the seedlings are more than two years old, autumn planting is possible - in early October. From the moment of planting a seedling to the first frosts and freezing of the soil should remain at least a month - based on this condition, the time of planting is determined.
Preparatory Activities
Sapling before planting for a day soaked in water. But the hole is made a month before landing. Features of the preparation of the pit:
- The scheme of planting seedlings - 4x5 m.
- Digging a hole - 80-90 cm in diameter, depth - 60-70 cm. On clay soils, the depth of the hole - 1 m (taking into account drainage).
- Mixed in equal parts chernozem, peat, humus and sand are poured into the pit. Superphosphate is added - 300 g, and wood ash - 3 l.
If a hole is dug in the fall, only humus (1: 1 mixed with soil) and ash (0.5 l) are added to it; if in the spring, fertilizer is added to the last portion of the soil to which the seedling is sprinkled.
Step-by-step instructions for landing
Seedling planting procedure:
- Inspection of the seedling. If brown spots appear on the root sections, the ends are cut. Check for putrefactive lesions - they should also be trimmed. If you missed the moment with lowering into the talker, do it immediately before planting - to prevent drying out of the roots.
- The prepared seedling is lowered into a hole in which a support peg has already been placed. The latter is placed so that it covers the plant from the sun - on the south side of the trunk.
- They straighten the roots by carefully placing them on a hill from a soil-humus mixture. They make sure that the non-root neck is not below the ground, it should be about 5 cm above the ground.
- The pit is covered with fertile soil, carefully tamping. Sprinkling the hole, shake the trunk well - this helps to fill the voids formed between the roots with earth. This technical nuance of planting will prevent the tree from drying out.
- The trunk is tied to a support peg - it will prevent sunburn and protect the roots from loosening in strong winds.
- Watered. One tree requires 3 buckets of water.
- Mulch the soil near the trunk - to preserve moisture. Mulch thickness - from 5 cm.
Care and cultivation of varieties White filling
There is nothing special about caring for the White Bulk, but the more care for the tree is shown, the greater will be its return - the higher the yield, the larger and tastier the apples.
Watering, loosening and weeding
White filling is responsive to moisture. With frequent (to the extent) watering, the fruit will be juicier. Watering Rules:
- You can not overmoisten the soil too much - this leads to rotting of the roots.
- Watering options - sprinkling, drip, soil, surface. It is desirable to water in a non-hot time of day. The best time is evening.
- Irrigation rate for an annual tree - 2 buckets. Further, the norm doubles every year. Two-year-old trees owe 4 buckets, etc. Trees older than 5 years old are watered 50-100 liters per square meter. m
- The first spring watering is carried out before budding.
- The second watering for adult apple trees is carried out during the formation of the ovaries.
- The third watering is a few weeks before the harvest.
- The last watering is in October, its purpose is to prevent freezing of the tree in winter. Watered in warm weather.
The first 5 years, seedlings are recommended to be watered weekly.
You can not water the apple trees during the ripening period of apples and after harvesting. When the growing season is not over, watering will contribute to the growth of young shoots that are not adapted to winter. The tree will freeze, and may even die.
Each watering is completed by loosening. Then they sprinkle with mulch soil near the trunk - to aerate the roots and retain moisture. Weeds also need to be weeded out - they pick up nutrients from the soil intended for the tree. Weed grass accelerates the drying of the soil. Timely weeding prevents ripening and shedding of weed seeds.
Top dressing
The nutrients that the tree is supplied with during planting are enough for 3-4 years of life. Further, the apple tree needs top dressing. There are no feeding features for White filling.
Fertilizing under the variety White filling is carried out according to the standard scheme for apple trees:
- Organic fertilizer - compost / humus, applied every 3-4 years during spring digging. The application rate is 5-7 kg per 1 square. m
- Mineral fertilizers are applied every year:
- in the spring - urea or urea (30-40 g per 1 sq. m);
- during the formation of the fruit, and then after 2-3 weeks again - a solution of potassium monophosphate (10-20 g per 1 sq. m);
- in the fall, during digging - superphosphate (30-40g per 1 sq. m.);
- in summer, it is possible to feed manure - liquid mullein or diluted chicken droppings.
Feeding White filling begin in the spring, as soon as the growing season begins.
Under apple trees growing on acidic soils, chalk or lime is applied every 4 years - 200 g per tree to neutralize acidity. Instead, dolomite flour or even old plaster is suitable.
Doses of fertilizers for one apple tree are in table 1.
Table 1
Year after landing | Barrel circle diameter, m | Compost kg | Urea or ammonium nitrate, g | Calcium nitrate or ammonium sulfate, g | Double superphosphate, g | Fertilizers AVA (phosphorus) | Potassium sulfate, g | Ash, g |
3-4 | 2,5 | 15-20 | 45 | 100 | 47 | 40 | 60 | 230 |
5-6 | 3 | 20-25 | 65 | 150 | 70 | 60 | 90 | 340 |
7-8 | 3,5 | 30-40 | 130 | 300 | 90 | 78 | 120 | 460 |
9-10 | 4 | 40-45 | 160 | 375 | 116 | 100 | 150 | 580 |
11-12 | 4,5 | 50-60 | 260 | 600 | 186 | 150 | 300 | 1160 |
Cropping and shaping the crown
White bulk, like other varieties of apple trees, needs 4 types of pruning:
- Formative. Recommended crown sparse-tier. The number of tiers is 2 or 3. The crown should be formed of 5-6 skeletal branches extending from the trunk at an angle of 60-70 degrees. Branches extending at a smaller angle are bent with twine or weight. A crown is formed during the first 3-4 years of a tree's life.
- Sanitary. Remove all damaged and old branches.
- Anti-aging. The growth of apple trees subsides by 25-30 years. During this period, the tree needs chasing - trimming to 2-3 year old wood.
- Supportive. 80% of fruit wood consists of gloves. Moreover, among the branches extending at an acute angle, many are prone to breaking off - they should be bent or cut.
The variety has many pairwise branches - "sleeves", you need to remove the weaker shoot. Pruning is done while the tree is young - so that the wounds are smaller. Aging and unproductive gloves and other formations are regularly removed. The branches should be shortened taking into account the growth force, the faster the shoot grows, the larger the cropped end.
The first pruning is carried out before planting - to form a compact crown. Then, every spring, old and diseased branches are removed. Pruning is done before the sap flow begins.
So that the flowering does not deplete the young tree, in the first years the flowers are cut off. In the following years, their number is regulated - to prevent overload.
What can be vaccinated?
The basic rules for grafting White filling:
- Vaccination according to the principle "seed to seed".
- Vaccination on a variety maturing by maturity.
Experts do not recommend using White Bulk as a stock for winter varieties.
Learn more about the methods of grafting an apple tree in the spring from this article.
How to propagate white filling?
Reproduction Methods of the White Bulk:
- Vaccinated. Inoculate with kidneys or cuttings:
- on an apple tree of another variety, on mountain ash or pear;
- to the wild;
- on clone stock.
- Growing from a seed. The method is complex, requiring time and patience, and risky - you can get a tree with sour small fruits.
- Layering. A simple and effective method of growing a favorite variety from its branch.
Winter preparations
In winter, the bark of the White Bulk is a treat for rodents. To protect the trunk, gardeners usually use only - they wrap a tree in it. Instead of roofing, you can use burlap or a dense mesh. Another option is to cover the barrel with liquid compounds, such as melted lard or another substance that repels hares.
Young trees need special care - if their bark is damaged, in the winter they (most likely) will die. To protect against the cold, fir spruce branches are used. It is also important to protect the roots of the plant - for this, all the trees under 5 years old are mulched with dung tree trunks. If the winter is not snowy, the trunk is spudded to a height of 15-20 cm.
Ripening and fruiting
The timing of flowering, ripening and fruiting of the White filling depends on the climatic characteristics of the region, and may shift depending on weather conditions.
Beginning of fruiting
Beginning of fruiting depends on the type of variety. So, one tree can bear fruit in the second year of planting, and another - only 6 years after planting. It all depends on the stock. Apple trees on dwarf rootstocks begin to bear fruit earlier, but they stop earlier.
Bloom
A distinctive feature of White filling is large flowers. The flowering is plentiful - the tree is simply strewn with flowers. In the middle lane, flowering occurs in early May. In more southern regions, for example, in the Stavropol Territory, the variety blooms somewhat earlier. Flowering times also depend on specific weather conditions. Early flowering is always risky - the ovaries can suffer from frost.
Ripening dates for apples
In many orchards, White Bulk is the first apples. Usually they ripen in late July or early August. In any case, by August 20 they are definitely ripening. Ripening time, like flowering, depends on weather conditions. The collection is carried out in two stages, taking a break for 1.5-2 weeks.
Fruiting Cycle
White filling bears fruit with a certain periodicity. And you will never guess how often the crop will be. You can try to regulate the yield, but the cyclicality depends on the underlying factors that cannot be controlled.
Gardeners plant several trees of the White Bulk - if you are lucky and the cycle does not match, then there will be white apples in the garden every summer. It happens that some trees bear fruit every year, but their apples are small, while others produce large fruits, but after a year.
What to do if the apple tree does not bloom and does not bear fruit?
If the apple tree does not bloom and does not bear fruit, there must be a mistake or there are any external reasons. Lack of fruiting can be observed due to:
- improper planting - the root neck may be buried in the soil;
- poor soil or nearby trees negatively affect growth;
- pests and diseases;
- improper crown formation.
Gardeners often face the problem of apple falling. This trouble can also have several reasons:
- lack of moisture;
- damage to the moth;
- adverse weather conditions.
Diseases and Pests
To prevent diseases and the spread of pests, it is recommended to carry out a number of events annually:
- collect and destroy weeds and plant debris;
- digging deeper soil;
- thin out the crown, carry out sanitary pruning;
- to clean the damaged bark, to whiten the trunk and skeletal branches;
- to fix hunting belts on shtambami;
Diseases and pests that threaten the variety White filling - in table 2.
table 2
Pests / Diseases | Symptoms of lesion | What to do? |
Scab | First, light green oily spots appear on the leaves, which then become brownish, velvety. Later, spots appear on the fruits, they crack and deform. | Processing of wood and soil during budding with Bordeaux liquid - per 10 l of water 400 g. Processing with Fitolavin and Rayek preparations also helps. |
Powdery mildew | It affects all parts of the tree. The leaves turn yellow and dry, the tree does not bear fruit and dies. | At the moment of blooming, the leaves are sprayed with Bordeaux liquid or with the Topaz preparation - 2 ml of the product per bucket of water. After flowering, the apple tree is sprayed with copper chloride. Third spraying - 1% Bordeaux liquid. Instead, you can prepare a solution: 50 g of copper sulfate and 20 g of liquid soap are taken on a bucket of water. |
Codling moth apple | 3 weeks after flowering, the butterfly lays eggs - on leaves and fruits. Caterpillars eat the pulp of fruits and even seeds. Losses can make up 90% of the crop. | Treatment with insecticides 2.5 weeks after flowering. Suitable, for example, drugs - Metadion, Tsidal, Zolon. |
Aphid green apple | It settles on foliage and shoots. Leaves twist, shoots dry out. During the season 10 generations of aphids are replaced. This pest weakens the plant very much. | Spray with insecticides after the buds bloom. If there are a lot of aphids, spraying is repeated. |
Apple beetle | Butterfly lays eggs in buds. The larvae eat away the receptacle, and the buds wither. Beetles appear in the flower of the pupae. | Treatment with insecticides during budding, the second time - when the beetles leave the buds. |
Harvesting and storage
The fruits of the White filling ripen together. And this property requires activity from gardeners - it is necessary not only to quickly harvest the crop, but also to process it, since the storage quality at the filling is unimportant. Apples with such soft pulp are stored only a few weeks. The sooner they are sent for processing, the less losses there will be. From the White filling excellent preparations are obtained - jam, jam, marmalade and other sweets.
Fresh variety is very tasty. Especially if the summer was sunny and the watering was generous. But the juicier the fruits, the worse their mellitus. Apples deteriorate especially quickly if the tree was watered during harvesting - this is a mistake often made by beginner gardeners. Such fruits are completely unsuitable for transportation - at the slightest blow, brown spots appear on them.
Features of growing in different regions
Depending on the climatic conditions of the region, the form of cultivation of White bulk is chosen:
- Moscow region. Distributed everywhere. This variety is found in most gardens near Moscow. Fruits every two years. These are the first apples in the garden, so gardeners forgive them poor storability and inability to transport.
- Siberia. Apples grow here are medium-sized - 60-90 g each. The tree begins to bear fruit from 5-6 years of age.
- Ural. Here, bulk apples are grown in stlan form - it is more frost-resistant. The fruits ripen in late August.
- Bashkiria. Particularly frost-resistant White bulk is grown here, with trihedral fruits.
- The Far East and the Amur Region. Despite the fact that the variety is not included in the Far Eastern District, White filling is successfully grown here, adapted to local conditions.
The White filling has enough shortcomings - it lies poorly, is practically not transported, and its productivity is cyclical. But all the flaws are smoothed against the background of its advantages. By planting this super-yielding variety in the garden, you can always feast on juicy apples earlier than others, make preparations, and even treat all relatives and neighbors in the country.
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