The variety "Beauty Chernenko" has a second name, it is often called "Russian Beauty". In both versions, the main difference of the plant is noted - the beauty of the fruit. The taste of pears is consistent with their appearance. We will find out what are the features of growing this heat-loving variety, and under what conditions it is possible to get a decent crop.
Pear variety "Beauty Chernenko"
The fruits of a ripe pear are greenish, sometimes with a slight blush, large, elongated pear-shaped, tuberous
About variety selection
The breeders of VNIIIGiSPR im. Michurin. The name "Beauty Chernenko" is given in honor of its creator. The variety has been zoned in the Central region since 1996, but has also been widely distributed in the North Caucasus, the Lower Volga Region, Ukraine, Belarus, Transnistria, and Central Asia.
We also recommend reading an article that tells about the most popular varieties of pears.
Description and main characteristics of "Beauty Chernenko"
The described variety refers to autumn. The main characteristics of the plant:
- Wood. Belongs to the vigorous category. Height - up to 5 m. The crown is pyramidal.
- Shoots. Rare, smooth, slightly curved, with slightly pronounced articulation. There are many small formations on the branches. Branches grow up.
- Bark. Smooth, without roughness. Brown color.
- The kidneys. Large, brown, conical, pressed to shoots.
- Leaves. Wide, dark green, slightly concave. The base is wedge-shaped. The edges are in small notches. Petioles of medium length and thickness, without pubescence.
The variety blooms in late May and early June. The laying of buds on different parts of the tree occurs at different times. The first flowers bloom on the glove - these are short fruit branches, then the accessory branches (lance) bloom, the annual shoots bloom the last. The timing of flowering depends on the climatic characteristics of the region. Harvesting - in early autumn or late August.
To form a regular crown, during the first five years of life, the branches are bent from the trunk at an angle of 50 degrees.
Pear fruit and fruiting
Characteristics of the fruit:
- taste - sour-sweet, with a light aroma;
- the form - elongated, pear-shaped, tuberosity is present;
- skin - average thickness, there is a slight waxy coating;
- flesh - white, slightly oily, dense and juicy;
- coloring - upon reaching ripeness, the fruits are greenish, with slight reddening, with consumer ripeness they become greenish-yellow with a reddish-brown blush;
- the seeds - elongated, brown.
The fruits contain:
- sugar - 9.8%;
- Vitamin C - 5.7 mg per 100 g;
The variety retains active fruiting for 30 years. And the life of the tree is about 50 years. Life expectancy and ability to bear fruit depend on agricultural technology. The average yield from a tree is 120-140 kg per year. It can reach 200 kg per tree.
Advantages and disadvantages
In the “beauty”, the excellent taste of the fruits is combined with the exactingness of the growing conditions. Table 1 shows the pros and cons of the variety, which gardeners should pay attention to.
Table 1
Advantages | disadvantages |
Autonomy | high tree height |
High quality fruit | non-uniformity of fruits |
Not affected by scab | late bearing |
Resistance to fungal diseases | low frost resistance |
Large-fruited | low drought tolerance |
Durable young shoots | crown prone to stretching |
High yield | overload tendency |
Long fruiting period | affected by powdery mildew and brown spotting |
The main factor that forces gardeners to plant “Russian Beauty” is its excellent taste and high yield. But before you make a choice in favor of this variety, you should assess the risks - the fruiting of the “beauty” depends too much on climatic conditions. In addition to low frost resistance, gardeners are scared away by the prospect of a long wait - the first fruits can be obtained only for 6-8 years of life. Another 3-4 years have to wait for good yields.
What advantages does the Russian Beauty pear variety have in the video below:
Pollination
The variety is self-fertile, but to increase productivity it needs pollinators. Preference is given to varieties with an average flowering period. An ideal pollinator for “Beauty Chernenko” is the variety “Yakovlev's Favorite”.
Landing place
Poor frost resistance does not allow the "beauty" to grow in an area with a harsh climate. The variety feels uncomfortable in most regions of the country. The range is limited to the north of the Moscow region. In the southern regions, the pear also does not feel well, due to droughts, the taste characteristics of the fruits deteriorate - their skin becomes rough and bitter.
"Beauty Chernenko" is zoned in the regions:
- Central;
- Central Black Earth.
For a safe wintering in central Russia, the tree is insulated.
For landing, select sites:
- well lit, sunny;
- protected from wind and drafts;
- without irregularities - so that rainwater does not stagnate;
- located on the south, southwest or southeast side;
- unshaded - until the next landing should be at least 4-5 m;
- light and loose soils are preferred, clay content in the soil is welcomed - it contributes to water retention.
From plants growing on the site, you can determine whether it is suitable for pears or not. "Beauty Chernenko" is not recommended to be planted in the area where it grows:
- Plantain, mint, horsetail, buttercups, heather. They indicate an increased acidity of the soil. The best primers for pear are slightly acidic. To reduce acidity, lime is added to the soil. The amount of lime applied to the soil is determined by the degree of acidity of the soil.
- Horsetail and sedge. They indicate the proximity of groundwater - for a pear, this option is undesirable. Trees are not recommended to be planted near buildings, fences, other structures that can cast a shadow.
- Juniper. This plant is the source and carrier of many diseases dangerous to the pear.
The time for planting seedlings depends on climatic conditions:
- in regions with a temperate climate - the end of April or the beginning of May;
- in the southern regions - the end of September or the beginning of October.
Only in the area with the ecoclimate does the plant manage to get stronger before the cold and survive the winter.
Preparing for the landing of "Russian Beauty"
What to do before landing:
- Trim the largest roots by 10 cm.
- Cut off the top. Sapling after trimming the roots and top becomes like a regular stick. Its length is approximately 70 cm.
- The roots are lowered into a bucket of warm water. Stand for 1 hour.
- Prepare the mixture by mixing the earth extracted during the digging of the pit with ash (1: 1). Add water - so that the mixture acquires a creamy consistency. The roots are soaked in it. Now the tree is prepared for planting.
Landing technology
Planting procedure for pear seedlings:
- A bucket of water with 2 tbsp. Is poured into the pit. l dolomite flour. Then pour two more buckets of water.
- In the pit make a tubercle from:
- land;
- turf;
- manure - 2-3 buckets;
- potassium sulfate - 3 tbsp. l;
- superphosphate - 250 g.
- A peg 1.5 m high is placed in the tubercle - at a distance of 3-5 cm from the center. It should stand on the south side of the seedling - to serve not only as a support, but also as protection from the sun.
- The tree is placed so that between the neck and the ground it is 3-5 cm.
- The roots of the seedling, evenly distributed over the mound, are covered with earth.
- Around the pit, dig a groove - up to 8 cm deep, and water it. For one seedling - 20 liters of water.
- The tree is tied to a peg using some kind of elastic material. You cannot tie a seedling with wire - you can damage a tree.
- In conclusion, the soil of the trunk circle is sprinkled with mulch.
Tree care
The variety is considered undemanding to care, but for a worthy return - 50-60 kg of pears from one tree, a set of agrotechnical measures is required.
Watering and whitewashing
Pears do not tolerate excessive moisture. Excess moisture often causes root rot. At the same time, Russian Beauty does not like drought - it is watered several times a season, 30-40 liters at a time. The portion is divided into 2 parts - one in the morning, the second in the evening.
Watering order:
- The first time the tree is watered in the spring, before flowering.
- The second time - after the tree fades. From this watering depends on how strong and healthy the ovaries will be.
- Over the summer, the tree is watered another 2-4 times - as needed. The soil under the tree should get wet 50-60 cm deep.
- The last time the pear is watered in the fall.
Irrigation regimen and water norm depend on the age of the tree:
- 1st year. Young trees need frequent hydration. They are watered weekly - 10-15 liters.
- 2-5th year. Watered every 2-3 weeks for 20-25 liters.
Watered soil a little later loosened and sprinkled with mulch to preserve moisture. The recommended method of hydration is sprinkling.
Whitewashing is carried out twice a year - in autumn and spring. The purpose of the event is to protect the tree from mice, insects, frost and thermal burns. The trunk and branches of the first tier are treated with a composition that protects it from rodents and insects. Ingredients:
- lime - 2 kg;
- powder clay - 1 kg;
- copper sulfate - 300 g;
- water - 7 liters for adult trees and 12 liters for young trees.
Top dressing
After planting a seedling, top dressing is not carried out. Regular fertilization starts in the second year. The tree is fed twice a year - in spring and autumn. Organics are added every three years, minerals - annually. Table 2 - methods and timing of feeding pears.
table 2
Substance | The timing | How to deposit? |
saltpeter | flowering period | Under the root. Dry matter - 30 g / sq. m, in the form of a solution - 1:50. |
urea | bloom | Under the root. For 5 l of water, take 80-120 g. |
nitroammofosk | May | Under the root - 150 g per 30 liters. On a tree - 3 buckets of mortar. |
urea | end of September | Under the root - 600 g per 10 liters of water. |
mineral fertilizers | beginning of autumn | Under the root - potassium chloride (1 tablespoon) and granular superphosphate (2 tablespoons) - per 10 liters of water. Over time, the proportions of substances increase. |
Pruning
"Beauty Chernenko" refers to a vigorous group. The tree needs regular pruning.
The first pruning is carried out in the second year of the tree's life. Pruning time - spring, before budding. How to trim:
- 1st year. Cut off all the shoots, leaving only 3-4 strong shoots - they are reduced by 30%. The main conductor is cut to 20-25 cm.
- 2nd year. The procedure is repeated, forming the 2nd tier of the crown from two to three branches - they are cut off by 20-25%. The remaining shoots are cut.
- 4th year. Create a third tier of 1-2 shoots. The main conductor is cut again - so that the tree does not grow too tall. Excessive growth often prevents the tree from developing properly. The distance between adjacent tiers is 40-60 cm.
- 5th year. Thinning of the crown is carried out - to prevent thickening and lighten the crown.
- 8-10th year. Anti-aging pruning - cutting off the ends of branches by 30%, and cut off the main conductor - by 40%. The tree becomes smaller in growth, better resists winds, it is more convenient to look after it.
To stop the growth of the tree and thin out the crown, you can remove its entire upper part.
In order to extend the fruiting period, the branches of the tree are bent, starting from 2 years. As a rule, between the shoots and the trunk there is an acute angle, it is difficult for such branches to bear fruit. The gardener, bending branches to 60-70 degrees, facilitates the process of fruiting.
To bend the branches, use one of two methods:
- tying loads, pulling branches;
- tied to a rope, which is strengthened on stakes driven into the ground.
In the fall, at the end of October, sanitary pruning is carried out. The plant needs 2-3 weeks before frost - to restore strength. When cutting, remove the branches:
- dry
- deformed;
- damaged.
All cut branches are burned. For cutting use a disinfected tool. Wounds are covered with var. Instead of a garden var, you can use paint.
Winter preparations
The variety tolerates frost to minus 25 ° C, so you can not do without insulation:
- Foliage, weeds, branches, and other rubbish are removed from under the trees.
- To destroy insects, dig up soil near a tree.
- Mulch the soil (sawdust / peat) - 15-20 cm. With the advent of spring, they mulch off the mulch.
- The trunk and thick branches are stained with lime mortar.
- To warm the trunk take spruce spruce branches or burlap. To fix the insulation using a mixture of clay and manure (1: 1).
- Shake off the snow from the branches - so as not to break. There should be a snow pillow 40-50 cm thick under the tree.
Diseases and Pests
The variety is resistant to scab and fruit rot. But pests and diseases can significantly reduce yields. What problems are possible and how to resist them - in table 3.
Table 3
Diseases and pests | Diagnostics | Treatment and prevention |
Pear Thorns | A sticky gray coating appears on the buds, buds, shoots | At the stage of bud formation, the tree is treated with Fufanon. In autumn, foliage is removed and the soil is dug up. |
Moth | Pears fall without ripening, inside them are larvae | The tree is treated before flowering and after flowering Iskra-M. 3-4 weeks before harvesting - Iskra-D. The soil is carefully dug up in the fall, the fallen fruits are harvested. |
Brown spotting | Brownish spots appear on the foliage | Before flowering, the tree is treated with 3% Bordeaux liquid. For prevention, carefully dig the soil. |
Powdery mildew | On young leaves, ovaries and shoots, a whitish coating appears, darkening with time | The tree is treated with Bactofit 4 times per season, taking breaks of 10-14 days. Before flowering, spray with Cuprosil. After flowering - 2 times during the summer with interruptions of two weeks. |
Black cancer | On the branches and trunk appear cracks | Damaged areas are removed with a metal brush. It is treated with copper sulfate 2%, and covered with garden var. |
Pear collection and storage
"Beauty Chernenko" is a table variety, so its fruits are best consumed fresh. Although the fruits ripen in September, you can start harvesting a little earlier, at the end of August - until the pears are yellow, and have not acquired a characteristic blush. Fruits taken from the tree a little ripened are better laid.
Pears are harvested only in dry weather. When harvesting, it is important not to break the stalks - then the fruits are stored for a long time, about two months. For storage, pears are placed in the cellar or in the refrigerator. The fruits must not be damaged. The optimum storage temperature is 1-3 ° C.
The fruits of "Beauty Chernenko" are suitable for harvesting, they make jam, jam, stewed fruit, make pastille and candied fruit. Only dense, slightly unripe pears are allowed for processing - then they will retain sweetness and elasticity. The variety is not suitable for drying.
Transportability
The fruits are quite transportable, but the ripening specimens are better tolerated. The ripe the pears, the softer they are, and the worse they are transported - crumple, crush, deteriorate.
To prevent damage during transportation, they are wicker or wooden crates when placed in containers, and they are sprinkled with dry sawdust or hay.
Grade Reviews
Korneev Zh.Yu., 66 years old, Kaluga Region The variety reminded me of Yakovlev's Memory, but Beauty has a simpler taste. But her fruits are very large. The disadvantage of the variety is a weak ability to shoot formation. To get the skeleton of a tree, you have to cut the branches all the time, but they all look up. The only way out is to bend the branches to the ground.
Another disadvantage is poor frost resistance. If frost breaks out, and you did not bother to warm the tree, it can easily die. But it happens, and warming does not help, my pear died in the 11th year of life. I am inclined to think that it is better to plant this variety not as a seedling, but to plant it on a more frost-resistant stock.
Verevkin O.L., Dedovsk. “Beauty Chernenko” has excellent fruits - the taste is wonderful. Having tried it, I decided to plant it on my site. The tree bears fruit for the fourth year. Pears of different sizes are obtained, but there are no complaints about the taste. Before winter it is necessary to warm thoroughly - otherwise it will freeze. Fertilize mainly with organic matter, I used “chemistry” only once, during planting.
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“Beauty Chernenko” has earned the recognition of gardeners due to the high palatability of the fruit. This variety is unpretentious, but requires certain growing conditions. When all agricultural technical requirements are met, the variety successfully bears fruit not only in the southern regions, but also in the middle lane.
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