The autumn season for picking mushrooms begins from the end of August to November. The list of edible mushrooms is quite large, but knowing their characteristics and places of growth, you can not only stock up on this product, but also try to grow them yourself. Officially, there are more than 250 varieties of edible specimens. Below are the most popular and delicious.
Mushrooms
Color - honey, from light to dark. The leg has a ring, the hat is rounded, in young mushrooms it is covered with scales, in old mushrooms it is smooth. The leg is the same shade.
Where and when do they grow?
Honey mushrooms can be found both near trees and around shrubs, in meadows and edges. More like hemp, marshy and wooded places. Distributed everywhere, more productive places in the northern hemisphere. They grow from late August to early December. Although spring mushrooms can be found with the first warming.
Are there any varieties?
The honey agaric has several species that are very similar. They are divided according to the growing season.
- Winter mushroom. It grows on the trunks and stumps of willow, birch, linden, even on fir trees. The hat is flat, light yellow, the leg is dense, with small villi. It occurs in spring and autumn, up to frost.
- Honey agaric. It grows on dead trunks, sometimes in rich wood soil. The top is semicircular, with time passes into a flat one. The color of the hat is brown to yellow. The leg has dark scales.
- Spring honey agaric. He loves mixed forests, grows alone. The cap of young mushrooms is convex, gradually becoming flat. Color changes from red-brown to brown. The leg is thin. It occurs from May to September.
Winter honey agaric
Honey agaric
Spring honey agaric
Scientists have proved that honey agarics appeared 400 million years ago, during the time of the dinosaurs, and the structure was not changed, they were only divided into edible and poisonous.
Honey mushrooms contain many useful substances, in the composition of phosphorus and potassium they can compete with fish. They can be fried, boiled, canned.
Chanterelles
The color ranges from pale yellow to orange, it provides a high content of vitamin C. The hat is flat, with curled edges, in mature mushrooms resembles a funnel. It feels smooth with small scales. Leg - thick, without a "skirt", light yellow.
Where and when do they grow?
They like damp, mixed or coniferous forests, they are found near pines, spruces and oaks. They can be found in moss or fallen leaves. They grow in groups, densely - after thunderstorms. Season - from June to October.
Are there any varieties?
There are many species of chanterelles, so it is very important to distinguish them, especially from inedible "brothers."
- Real fox. A characteristic feature is a bright, yellow color, with a hole in the hat, and curled edges. The foot is attached in one layer.
- Chanterelle. The hat is like a pipe, the edges twist down, resembles a funnel. Color changes from brown to yellow.
- Common chanterelle. One of the most delicious. Feature - fruit smell. Color ranges from yellow to brown, the greater the humidity, the darker. The hat is flat, with curled edges and pleats similar to plates.
- Velvet fox. The hat is convex, bright orange, in the center - a dimple.
- Faceted fox. The color is bright yellow, the pulp is very dense. A rich harvest can be expected in late summer.
Real fox
Chanterelle
Common chanterelle
Velvet fox
Faceted fox
Chanterelles can be cooked, fried, baked, and delicious casseroles, pies and soups are made from them. Suitable for pickles, pickling, drying for the winter.
Mokruha
The mushroom is also called a slug due to the fact that the hat is covered with mucus, the color is purple, pink or brown. The plates fit on the leg, color - white or yellow. On a whitish or pink leg - a mucous ring. In the center of the cap is a small tubercle. If you press on the leg, it darkens.
Where and when does it grow?
You can meet mokruha in mixed and coniferous forests, near spruces, in moss or heather thickets. Many of these mushrooms in Siberia, the Far East, the North Caucasus. Season - from mid-August to early October.
Are there any varieties?
There are several types of mokruha.
- Spruce. Grows in groups, in the shade of spruce or heather. The hat is of a bluish tint, the leg is off-white, covered with mucus.
- Purple. The name comes from the color of the hat, the edges of which are curled up. Also called pine or shiny. Grows in coniferous forests.
- Spotted. Also called the mucosa. It grows under firs and larches, on a hat - dark spots. After cutting, it gets dark.
- Felt. Or fleecy, as the hat is covered with light, light fluff. Flat, along the edges - small grooves. The plates fall on the leg, color - orange-brown. Grows under the pines.
- Pink. The hat is very bright, looks like a semicircle with the edge down, can change color to bright red.
Wet spruce
Wet purple
Wet spotted
Wet felt
Wet pink
Mokruha tastes like butter. You can cook, fry, preserve.
Mokruha is listed in the Red Book in Belgium, Bulgaria, Hungary and Poland as a rare species.
There are no edible or poisonous mushrooms similar to mokruha. You can safely collect, the main thing is to distinguish from other gifts of the forest.
Ryadovki
The rowers are called, thanks to the ability to grow in large groups, which are arranged in a row or circles. The cap of young mushrooms has the shape of a ball, cone or bell, the color is different: white, yellow, green, red, brown. Under the hat there are plates, the leg can be bare and covered with scales, but the color is the same - pink-brown.
Where and when do they grow?
They grow in the temperate zone, prefer conifers, more often - pine. They can choose spruce and fir. Rarely found near oak, birch or beech. They grow from late summer to frost.
Are there any varieties?
Ryadovka has about 100 species of mushrooms, it is worth mentioning the most common.
- Gray. The color of the hat is gray with a greenish or purple hue, smooth. The leg is white, with a yellow or gray tint. It grows from September to November.
- Scaly. The name speaks of distinctive features, the surface is in scales. Grows in groups in coniferous and deciduous forests.
- Earthy. The hat is gray or gray-brown, sometimes reddish-brown, with a tubercle in the center. The leg is white. It grows only in coniferous forests, from August to October.
- Yellow—brown. The hat is convex, with a tubercle, red-brown. The leg is white above and brownish below.
- Mitsutake. Or pine mushroom, appreciated in Korean and Japanese cuisine. The hat and leg are brown, the smell of flesh resembles cinnamon.
- Crowded. The hat is like a pillow; in mature mushrooms it opens. The leg is twisted, the color is from white to brown.
- Topolevaya. Propagated by spores in plates. The color of the hat is red, resembles a hemisphere. The leg is pinkish-white, if pressed, spots appear.
- Purple or lilac. The name speaks about distinctive features. It grows in groups, in deciduous forests, where there is more ash. Harvesting months are from April to November.
The rowing is gray
Scale row
Earth row
Yellow-brown row
Mitsutake rowing
The rowing is crowded
Ryadovka poplar
Lilac leg
The rows have a very pleasant taste, they are pickled, salted and fried after boiling. It is better to take young mushrooms, the old ones have a bitter taste. Peel the skin, rinse and boil for half an hour.
In many countries, rowing is considered a delicacy, and is grown strictly for export.
White mushrooms
The pride of every lover of the "silent hunt" is considered the king of mushrooms. It is also called boletus. The name "white" was obtained because the flesh, even after processing, remains snow-white. The color of the hat ranges from reddish brown to white, the leg is small, light.
In 1961, a white mushroom was found in Russia, weighing up to 10 kg, the hat of which reached almost 60 cm.
Where and when do they grow?
Porcini mushrooms are found on almost all continents, except Australia, where it is too hot, and Antarctica, where it is too cold. It grows even in China, Japan, Mongolia and North Africa, on the British Isles. Mushrooms are also found in the northern taiga.
They love deciduous and coniferous trees, prefer to grow near spruce, pine, oak and birch, which are more than 50 years old. The soil is more suitable not very moist, closer to the sandstones.
Are there any varieties?
There are several types of ceps, which are slightly different from each other.
- Reticulate. The hat is brown or orange, the leg is cylindrical, white or brown.
- Bronze. The whole mushroom is painted in brown color, on the leg you can see a mesh of white-hazel shade.
- Birch boletus (or spikelet). The hat is light, the leg looks like a barrel, white-brown in color, with a white net.
- Pine. A large, dark hat with a purple tint. The leg is short, thick, white or brown, with a reddish net.
- Oak. The pulp is friable and more dense than that of other mushrooms. The hat is gray with light spots.
Boletus edulis
White mushroom bronze
White mushroom birch
Boletus edulis pine
White mushroom oak
White mushroom is very tasty, you can cook in any form: fry, boil, dry, pickle. It is valuable that the mushroom does not darken and retains a pleasant aroma
A dangerous double is a false white mushroom. The main difference is the color of the cut. In the boletus, it remains white, while in the bile, it darkens, becomes pink-brown.
Gruzdy
Gruzdi is one of the most common species in domestic forests. They got the name from the Church Slavonic “pile”, because they grow in heaps. They are easy to recognize by the hat of a milky color, it is flat, and in old mushrooms it looks like a funnel, with a curved edge. The color is cream or yellow, covered with mucus. The leg is smooth, yellow in color. The pulp is dense, with a fruity smell.
Where and when do they grow?
Mushrooms love birch groves, from places - the northern regions of Russia, Belarus, Western Siberia, the Urals. They grow from July to October, usually in large groups.
Are there any varieties?
Types of breasts differ among themselves, which is very important to consider.
- The black. Yet «gypsy "or black. Grows in sunny places near birches. The hat may have an olive or brown color, in the center - darker. Leg of the same shade, smooth.
- Pepper. Or poplar, also a milkman. Young mushrooms have a flat, white hat, old - yellow, with brown spots. The leg is dense, white, with cream plates.
- Turning blue. Or canine. He likes dampness, is found near birches, willows and firs. The hat and leg are thick, light yellow, with dark spots.
- Yellow. The name indicates the color of the hat, the flesh is white. Leg thickened, light.
- White. The top is light, convex, then looks like a funnel, with the edge down. Pulp - with a slight smell of fruit. The leg is white with yellow spots.
Black breast
Peppercorns
Blue chest
Yellow chest
White breast
Mugs need to be handled correctly so as not to pick up botulism. To do this, it is good to soak or boil without salt. Use moderately, and if there is a problem with the stomach or intestines, it is better to abstain. It is not recommended to eat pregnant.
Ginger
This is one of the most delicious and common mushrooms, got its name from the hat, the color of which ranges from light yellow to orange. There are even red or bluish-green. It is the only mushroom in the world that has yellow, thick and sweet, milk juice. The pulp, like the leg, is orange. This is due to the huge amount of beta-carotene. And they also have ascorbic acid and B vitamins.
Where and when do they grow?
Redheads love coniferous trees and sandy soil, closer to pines or larch trees. Often found in the forest, large groups can be found on the north side of the trees, in the moss. Well camouflaged. They grow from mid-July to October, until the first frost. More common in northern Europe and Asia.
Are there any varieties?
Some species of camelina are considered conditionally edible, however, only with good processing can they be harvested.
- Spruce. The cap of young mushrooms is convex, with a tubercle, the edges are bent downwards, and in old ones it is flat or in the form of a funnel. Smooth, orange, with spots. The leg is of a similar color, on the cut it turns green.
- Red. The hat can be either flat or convex, pressed in the center, smooth, orange hue. Powdery leg. Juice stands out thick and red.
- Japanese. The hat is flat, with the edge tucked up, eventually passes into the funnel. Orange in color with a white line. The leg is red-orange, the juice is red.
Spruce ginger
Red saffron
Saffron
Considered a delicacy, they can be salted, fried, pickled and dried. Soaking is not necessary, just pour over boiling water.
Boletus
It got its name because of the desire to settle nearby aspen, where it is most often found. And also because of the color, which is similar to aspen foliage. In young mushrooms, hats are similar to wearing a thimble, the leg resembles a pin, with brown or black small scales. Also called the luck mushroom, the red-headed.
Where and when do they grow?
It grows in the forests of Europe, Asia and North America. They are found not only under aspens, but also near firs, birches, oaks, beeches, poplars, willows. You can find both groups and single mushrooms. Harvest time varies, depending on the species, spikelets grow in June-July, spruces grow from July to September, and deciduous trees grow in September-October, right up to frosts.
Are there any varieties?
Boletus has several common species.
- Red. Or a barn. It grows under aspen, poplar, willow, birch, oak. The color of the hat ranges from red-brown to red, smooth. Grayish-white scales cover the leg.
- Yellow brown. Or a spikelet. The hat is yellow in color, a characteristic feature is that the flesh on the cut changes to pink, then purple, in the leg it turns green.
- Spruce. Or a deciduous tree. The leg looks like a cylinder, is covered with scales, the hat is brown, slightly hanging over the edge.
Red boletus
Yellow-brown boletus
Boletus spruce
It is considered a nutritious mushroom, it is boiled, fried, dried and pickled. You can use not only a hat, but mushroom pickers consider the stiff stiff.
Boletus has no poisonous "brothers". The main thing is not to confuse it with a bile fungus. A characteristic difference is that the poisonous mushroom on the fault turns pink or brown.
Boletus
Received its name for the desire to settle near birches, has more than 40 species. Young mushrooms have a white hat, and old mushrooms have a dark brown hat. It resembles a ball, and gradually becomes like a pillow. The leg is gray or white.
Where and when do they grow?
Brown birch trees grow both in groups and one at a time, prefer deciduous or mixed forests. There are in many countries, even found in the tundra and forest-tundra, near dwarf birches. They prefer bright places at the edges and clearings. They grow from spring to mid-autumn.
Are there any varieties?
Brown boletus is divided into species, taking into account the places of growth.
- Ordinary. The hat is brown or red, the leg is white.
- The black. The leg is thick, short, with gray scales, the hat is dark. Very rare mushroom.
- Tundra. The hat is light, the leg is beige.
- Marsh. Prefers moisture. The hat is light brown, the leg is thin.
- Turning pink. The hat is red-brick in color, the leg is thick and curved.
- Gray boletus (or hornbeam). The color of the hat varies from ash and brown-gray to white or buffy.
- Harsh. It has many shades, from gray to brown or purple. Young mushrooms are covered with scales; in old ones, the hat is smooth.The cap leg is white and the bottom is cream.
- Chess (or blackening). A characteristic feature: on the cut, the flesh turns red, and then - black.
Common boletus
Black birch
Tundra birch bark
Swamp birch
Pink birch
Gray birch
Harsh birch
Chess birch
Boletus browns are fried, salted, pickled, they are great for diets, because they contain few calories.
The birch mushroom is called the bile fungus double. His hat is white and gray, his leg is gray and has a bitter taste. A distinctive feature is the lack of worminess.
Butterflies
Mushroom pickers are very much appreciated, mushrooms are so affectionately called because of the shiny, sticky skin on the hat. In Belarus they call it butter, in Ukraine - butter, in the Czech Republic - butter, in Germany - butter mushroom, and in England - “slippery Jack”. In young mushrooms, the hat - in the form of a cone, in old ones - looks like a pillow. Color - from yellow to brown. Leg - white or under the hat.
Where and when do they grow?
These mushrooms are found in Europe, Asia and North America. They prefer conifers, but also grow near birches and oak trees. Season - from the beginning of summer to mid-autumn.
Are there any varieties?
Types of oils are divided according to their appearance.
- White. The hat is first convex, then flat, the leg yellowish, with a white bottom.
- Grainy. In young mushrooms, the hat is convex, in old ones it looks like a pillow, the color is yellow-orange. The legs have a brown tint, with brown spots.
- Yellow brown. The shape of the hat also varies from curved to lush, the color is olive. Old mushrooms have yellow.
White butterflies
Granular butterflies
Yellow brown oil
There are many useful substances in oils, they can be stewed, salted.
Oil mushrooms are often confused with pepper mushroom, which is also called a moss fly and pepper. The color is brownish, the pulp of the legs is yellow. Strongly gives pepper.
Russula
Russula is readily collected, only in Russia there are about 60 species. They called it so because earlier they were often eaten raw. The hat at first looks like a ball, then it becomes flat, the color is greenish-brown. The leg is white with a yellow tint.
Where and when do they grow?
Russula found in Europe, Asia, America, prefer to live in coniferous or deciduous forests, can be found on swampy river banks. Appear in late spring and delight mushroom pickers until the end of autumn.
Are there any varieties?
There are many species of russula, but the differences between them are small. Allocate such:
- Green
- Browning
- Yellow
- Golden
- Red
- Green red
- Bluish
- Food
Russula green
Russula browning
Yellow russula
Russula golden
Russula
Russula green red
Russula bluish
Russula food
The flesh of the russula is bitter, so the mushrooms must be soaked and boiled for up to 10 minutes. You can salt and pickle.
The most dangerous double is the pale grebe. Her hat can be either olive or grayish. The main difference is that the toadstool has records, but the russula does not.
Duboviki
They are also called duvet because they prefer to settle near the strongest trees. The cap is large, in the old mushrooms it is pillow-shaped, in the young ones it resembles a ball. Color - from tan to gray-brown. Leg is yellowish, dark underneath. Some species have a dark mesh on the hat.
Where and when do they grow?
They got their name at the place of "residence", because they grow near oaks, in deciduous groves. Sometimes found near linden. Collect them from May to June.
Are there any varieties?
There are two types:
- Olive brown. The hat is of the same color, the leg is thickened, yellow-orange.
- Mottled. The surface is velvety, a chestnut-colored hat, sometimes reddish. Reminds a pillow. Leg yellow-red, with a thickening below.
Umbrellas
The name received, due to the similarity with the open umbrellas, are considered an exquisite treat. The hat is ovoid or spherical, in old mushrooms - flat. Shades - from white to brown. The leg is like a cylinder hollow inside.
Where and when do they grow?
They grow in forests, more on glades, edges, on clearings, in the fields. It can be found in all countries except Antarctica. Season - from mid-June to October.
Are there any varieties?
Umbrellas are divided into such types.
- White. In young fungi, the hat resembles an egg; in mature, it is flat. In the middle is a brownish tubercle. The hue is cream, with scales, the leg is hollow.
- Elegant. The hat is like a bell; in old mushrooms it is flat, with a tubercle. Leg white or light brown, with scales.
- Conrad. The hat is thick in the center, semicircular - in young mushrooms, in mature ones - convex. The leg is continuous, expanding below.
- Mastoid. The hat is like a bell, later it becomes flat, the leg is hollow, with a thickening.
- Motley. The hat is a hemisphere, with a curved edge, in the center - a tubercle. The color is brownish gray. The leg is cylindrical.
Mushroom umbrella white
Mushroom umbrella graceful
Mushroom Conrad Umbrella
Mushroom Umbrella Mushroom
Mushroom variegated umbrella
Goats
Also called a lattice, a cow mushroom, a mullein or cow's tongue, because it often grows on pastures. The color is orange-brown or brown, the hat is first convex, then it becomes like a pillow. The leg is the same color, it is small, almost invisible under the mushroom.
Where and when do they grow?
The mushroom settles in pines, in swamps, independently and in groups. It can be found in many countries, even in Japan. Harvested from July to November.
Are there any varieties?
The closest relatives are considered to be oily.
Kozlyak is a delicious mushroom, it is boiled, salted and pickled, ground into powder for meat and sauces.
Talkers
Edible and conditionally edible mushrooms are isolated. The hat is large, in young mushrooms it looks like a ball, in old mushrooms it is flat. Color - ashen yellow. The leg is cylindrical.
Where and when do they grow?
They grow in many countries, in deciduous, coniferous and mixed forests, often in groups. They love forest edges, meadows, even kindergartens and parks. Harvest months are from late summer to November.
Are there any varieties?
It is important to distinguish poisonous talkers from edible, so you need to pay attention to their appearance.
- Bent. The hat is similar to a bell; in old mushrooms it is denser, light yellow in color. The leg is the same shade.
- Funnel. The leg is cylindrical, white and smooth. The hat is flat at first, then resembles a funnel. Color - pink-ocher.
- Odorous. The top is convex, with time it becomes deepened, with a tubercle in the middle. Leg and hat are blue-greenish. The pulp has a strong anise flavor and taste.
- Snowy. The leg is red-cream, the cap is convex, with a white coating, the color is gray-brown. The pulp is creamy, with an earthy odor.
- Grooved. The cap of the young mushroom is convex, the cap of the old one is depressed. The same color with the leg is gray-brown.
Talker bent
Funnel talker
Odorous talker
Snow talker
Grooved talker
Edible talkers are boiled, stewed, salted, pickled, taken into the filling for pies. But only young mushrooms that give a strong aroma are good.
Oyster mushrooms
Oyster mushrooms love trees, and climb higher, grow families. They have a one-sided or round hat; the plates slide to the leg. Color ranges from dark gray or brown to ashen with a purple hue. The leg is white, cylindrical, tapering to the bottom.
Where and when do they grow?
Oyster mushrooms can be found in temperate forests, grow near stumps and weak trees, prefer oak trees, mountain ash, and birch. They are located high from the ground, gather in groups. Harvested from September to December.
Are there any varieties?
Oyster mushrooms are very similar to each other, distinguish several types.
- Covered. The hat is grayish-brown or flesh, the pulp is dense, white, with the smell of raw potatoes.
- Oak. The hat is white, cream or yellowish, the plates grow densely. Leg light, velvety.
- Carobiform. Leg curved, tapering to the bottom, white-ocher hue. The hat often looks like a funnel, with a wavy edge, cream color.
- Steppe (or white steppe mushroom). The hat is red-brown or brown, the leg with a thickening, looks like a cylinder, white in color or buffy.
- Pulmonary. The edge of the hat is thin, it is itself convex-stretched, the shade is cream. Leg is light.
Oyster mushroom coated
Oyster mushroom oak
Oyster mushroom
Oyster mushroom steppe
Oyster mushroom pulmonary
You can fry, boil, preserve, put in the roast and soups.
Oyster mushrooms are actively grown artificially, they grow well on almost all substrates where there is cellulose and lignin.
Velvet flywheel
A hat in the shape of a ball, then - resembles a pillow. The color of the hat changes from red-brown to dark brown. The leg is smooth, the tint is from yellowish to red-yellow. There is a tubular layer.
Where and when does it grow?
It prefers deciduous forests, found under oaks and beeches. It grows in groups, from late summer to mid-autumn.
Are there any varieties?
Among them are edible and inedible, which are important to distinguish from each other.
- Chestnut Mushroom (or Polish Mushroom). The hat is convex, in mature mushrooms it is flat, brown or brown. The leg is brownish yellow.
- Fissured. Hat in the form of a pillow, sometimes with a recess in the center, color - from crimson red to ocher gray. Leg light yellow, red below.
- Red. The color of the hat is from the name, the shape is convex, velvety. Leg - yellow raspberry.
- Green. The hat is olive-brown, convex, and the flesh is light, the leg tapers to the bottom.
Velvet flywheel
Chestnut flywheel
Fissure flywheel
Flywheel red
Green flywheel
Champignon forest
From the French word is translated as "mushroom". The hat is dense, smooth, sometimes with scales, the color varies from white to brown. The leg is flat, with a two-layer ring.
Where and when does it grow?
They grow on soil with good humus, on inanimate trees and anthills. Different species are found in forests, in grass, and in fields. They love the steppe and forest-steppe, they are found even in the prairies and pampas. Harvest begins in May and lasts until mid-autumn.
Are there any varieties?
Champignons have several species, they are divided in shape.
- Ordinary. Or a caveman. Hat in the form of a ball with a curved edge, white or brown. Leg of the same color, with a large, bright rim.
- Crooked. The hat is like an egg, gradually becoming flat. The color is cream, thickens below.
- Field. The shape of the hat resembles a bell, with a wrapped edge, cream color. Leg of the same color, decorated with a ring.
- Bernard. The hat is convex, grayish, smooth, the leg is dense and light.
- Double-handed. The hat is round, with a wrapped edge, the color ranges from white to brown. The leg is smooth, with a ring.
- Double ring. The top is round, white, turning pink. Double ring on the leg.
- Dark fiber. The hat is convex, with a tubercle, brown. The leg is lighter with a white ring.
- Dark red. The shape is conical, brown-brown, the flesh on the cut is red. Leg with ring, white.
- Forest. The hat is like a ball, light brown. The same color, with a ring, leg.
- Porphyry. The hat is fibrous, lilac-purple, pulp with almond flavor. The leg is white, with a ring.
- Elegant. It looks like a bell in shape, with a tubercle, yellowish. Leg of the same shade, pulp with almond odor.
- Stocky. The hat is round, white, smooth. The leg is like a mace.
Champignon
Champignon curve
Field champignon
Champignon bernard
Champignon double-thoracic
Two-ring champignon
Champignon dark red
Champignon forest
Porphyry champignon
Champignon elegant
Champignon Chunky
Champignons are cultivated for sale artificially in large volumes. They are fried, boiled, pickled, added to salads and raw.
Hygrophor
Belongs to agaric mushrooms, hats are convex, with a tubercle, white, gray, yellow or olive. The plates are thick, light, sometimes pink or yellow. The leg is solid, the same color with the top.
Where and when does it grow?
They grow in deciduous or mixed forests, near beeches and oaks. On the hat is hiding in the moss. Often found in large groups. Appears in September and occurs before the first snow.
Are there any varieties?
- Fragrant. The hat is convex, with a tucked-up edge, found in yellow, white and gray. The smell of flesh is similar to anise, the leg is white.
- Yellowish white. Also called ivory wax hat or cowboy handkerchief. During rain, it is covered with mucus, it feels like wax.
- Early. Also called March or snow mushroom. Young people have a gray hat, while mature ones have a blackish hat. Leg curved, cast in silver.
- Olive white. In mature mushrooms, the hat looks like a ball, olive-brown in color. Leg of the same color, similar to a spindle.
- Russula. The hat gradually becomes convex, with the edge turned up, pink in young mushrooms, dark red in mature mushrooms. The leg is white with pink spots.
Hygrophor fragrant
Hygrophor yellowish white
Gigrofor early
Hygrophore olive white
Hygrophore russula
Gigrofor is advantageous to collect, the pulp is dense, not boiled, with a delicate taste. Suitable for frying and marinades. A slimy film needs to be cleaned, it spoils the taste.
Golden scale
The hat resembles a ball, bright yellow, with reddish scales. Leg with scales, yellow-brown; in young mushrooms - fibrous ring.
Where and when does it grow?
They grow in deciduous forests, on dead forests, they can be found in many countries, even in Japan. Keep in groups, appear from spring to autumn.
Are there any varieties?
It has no similar species.
Hairy flake
It is considered an edible mushroom of poor quality, as it has a hard flesh and a bitter taste. The hat changes shape from spherical to convex, with ocher protruding scales. The leg is rusty brown below, with the same scales. The pulp is white or yellowish.
Where and when does it grow?
It grows in different forests, both on dead and living trees, on deadwood. Prefers birch, aspen, spruce. Gather more in groups. It can be found from July to October.
Are there any varieties?
No similar species were noted.
Because of the stiffness, flakes are rarely prepared, but stiffness can be repaid by digestion. Suitable for fillings and stewing, salting. It is recommended to use only hats, legs are too rigid.
Raincoat
It got its name because it is actively growing after rains. It has many names: bee sponge, rabbit potato, ripened mushrooms are called powder flies, "grandfather tobacco", damn tavlinka.
The mushroom leg resembles a mace, a hat with spikes, the leg is very small. In old mushrooms, the color is not white, but brown or buffy.
Where and when does it grow?
Found in coniferous and deciduous forests, all continents except Antarctica. Harvest time is from June to September. But it is important to remember that in wet weather these mushrooms are not collected, because after a few hours they resemble a rag that cannot be eaten. Old mushrooms also lose their taste, reminiscent of cotton wool.
Are there any varieties?
It contains several edible species:
- Prickly or pearl. The shape resembles a mace, the color is white or grayish.
- Lugovoi. It resembles a ball, on top - white, with a flattened tip.
- Pear-shaped. It resembles this fruit, the color is white, the flesh of old mushrooms is olive. In its composition, scientists found substances that block the growth of tumors.
Prickly raincoat
Raincoat meadow
Pear-shaped raincoat
Annular cap
Known as a booby, chicken, rosette dim, mushroom-turk. Outwardly resembles a brown cap, the hat looks like a ball, in old mushrooms it is flat. The leg is off-white with a webbed ring. The pulp is white.
Where and when does it grow?
It is found in foothill and mountain forests throughout Europe; they find a cap even in Japan and in the north: Greenland, Lapland. The highest altitude is 2 thousand meters above sea level.It settles near birches and deciduous trees; it grows from August to September.
Are there any varieties?
It looks like an early vole and a hard vole. The difference is that they are smaller and the flesh is bitter.
Truffle white
It is considered a rare edible mushroom; the taste resembles meat. The later they are collected, the tastier they are. The most common species in Russia, but does not have the value of real truffles. It looks oblate, with a yellow-brown hat.
Where and when does it grow?
He loves coniferous forests, especially young trees. Hiding in hazel, under a birch, aspen. It is rare and not even every year. Collect white truffles from August to September.
Are there any varieties?
No similar species were noted.
Griffola curly
It is also called ram mushroom, leafy or leafy tinder, maitake and even the "dancing mushroom." It looks like a lamb with a thick joint of hats, with small legs. Color - grayish greenish or grayish pinkish. Pulp with a nutty smell.
Where and when does it grow?
It grows in deciduous forests, settles near oaks, maples and lindens, on stumps, less often - on living trees. The months from mid-August to September are considered the season.
Are there any varieties?
There are only two related species:
- Griffin umbrella. A spice of small, round hats on the trees.
- Curly Sparassis (or Mushroom Cabbage). It looks like a yellow-white head of cabbage with openwork leaflets, hats. Grows on coniferous trees.
Griffola curly
Griffin umbrella
Curly Sparassis
Amanita Caesar
It is also called Caesarev or Caesarean mushroom, very tasty edible, it was appreciated in ancient times. Translated from Latin, like a mushroom from Mount Aman, such was in the ancient Roman province. In young mushrooms, the hat resembles a circle; in mature ones, it is convex. Color - orange or red. The plates are orange, the leg is light yellow.
Where and when does it grow?
It grows in bright forests, under chestnuts and oak trees, sometimes settles near beech, birch, in hazel. It is found in many countries of Europe, is listed in the Red Book of Ukraine and Germany. Cesarean mushroom is harvested from June to October.
Are there any varieties?
Of the other species of edible fly agaric, the following are noted:
- Pearl or pink. The hat is red-brown, the leg is pink.
- Ovoid. The hat resembles an egg; in mature mushrooms, it is stretched. The leg is white, with a powdery coating.
Amanita Caesar
Amanita pearl
Amanita ovate
Spider web
Also called a bog pod. The hat can be in the form of a cone, convex or flat, of various shades: yellow, brown, dark red, brown, purple. The leg looks like a cylinder, the same color with a hat.
Where and when does it grow?
He likes humid places, all types of forests are suitable. Often found in swamps. It grows from late summer to mid-October.
Are there any varieties?
It includes both edible and non-edible species.
In the first list:
- Bracelet. The hat is convex, yellow-red, the leg is gray-brown.
- Blue-bore. The hat is convex, in mature mushrooms it is flat, brown or yellow. The leg is purple or white.
- Excellent. A rare mushroom. The hat is purple, gradually turning brown. Leg is pale brownish or white-buffy.
- Red olive. Little known. The shape of the hat is like a ball, first purple, then red-brown. The leg is purple.
- Triumphal. The hat resembles half a ball, color - from bright yellow to reddish-brown. Leg is yellowish.
- Violet. Bright, saturated color, convex, then - like a pillow. The leg is the same color.
Cobweb bracelet
Cobweb Spider Web
Spider web excellent
Cobweb red-olive
Triumphant Spider Web
Cobweb purple
Semi-white mushroom
Also called yellow boletus. The hat is convex; in mature mushrooms it resembles a pillow. Color - yellow-reddish or light gray. The leg is yellow, the color does not change when cut.
Where and when does it grow?
He loves warmth, lives in the south, in coniferous forests, more under oak trees and beech trees. Prefers calcareous soils. It grows rarely, but densely. Seasonal time is from late May to early fall.
Are there any varieties?
Of related species, two were noted:
- White mushroom.
- Girl's flight.
Lakovitsa
The shape of the hat is different: from a convex to a funnel-like one. The color depends on the weather: at normal humidity - pink or carrot, in the heat - yellow. The leg retains the overall color of the mushroom, similar to a cylinder.
Where and when does it grow?
Grows in parks and gardens, at the edges. But it’s very capricious: he doesn’t like dark and damp, as well as dry, sunny places. It occurs from June to September.
Are there any varieties?
- Amethyst. The hat and leg are bright purple.
- Two-tone. The top resembles a ball; over time, it is pressed. Color - brown, with a purple hue. The leg is pink-brown.
- Big. The top resembles a cone, red-brown, like a leg.
Amethyst varnish
Two-tone varnish
Large varnish
Golovach
It is called vesicular, saccular, round. And also - a hare or a gigantic raincoat, because it always grows well after rain or giant langermany. The hat is large, smooth, white, looks like a ball, prickly. Leg light, similar to a cylinder.
Where and when does it grow?
It grows more in tropical places, they can be found in the forest and in the meadow. Appear from mid-summer and delight mushroom pickers to the cold.
Are there any varieties?
There are several types of edible golovachy:
- Giant. The hat is white, looks like a ball, yellow in mature mushrooms.
- Baggy. The width of the hat can reach 25 cm, there is a white spiky shell.
- Oblong. A long leg and a small hat. The surface is prickly, white.
Golovach giant
Baggy golovach
Golovach oblong
Hangman
Also called cherry, clitopilus vulgaris. The hat is convex, can go funnel-shaped. Color changes from white to yellow-gray, the surface is smooth. The leg retains the color of the fungus.
Where and when does it grow?
It grows in all cities of Europe, in different forests, on woodlands, among grass. He loves acidic soils. It settles closer to apple trees and cherries, but is also found near conifers.
Are there any varieties?
It includes many similar species, which differ in subtle features. White talkers are very similar. The main difference from mushroom pickers: the scavenger looks like a big fox, only white, and smells of flour, cucumbers.
Mushrooms are a delicious dish, they completely replace meat and are an excellent cure for ailments. But in order to collect them, you need to be an experienced mushroom picker, or at least go on a “silent hunt” in the company of such specialists. All finds must be carefully studied, suspicious put separately. And even better - breed yourself to always be with the crop!